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Greater noctule bat
The greater noctule bat (''Nyctalus lasiopterus'') is a rare bat found in Europe, West Asia, and North Africa. It is the largest and least studied bat in Europe with a wingspan of up to 46 centimeters and is one of the few bat species to feed on passerine birds. Greater noctule bats are the only bat species to hunt birds on the wing rather than when roosting. The Greater noctule bat employs echolocation, has wings adapted for open-air hunting, and has echolocation frequencies above the hearing range of birds. These characteristics of the greater noctule indicate that it is well adapted for hunting passerines in the air.
==Description==
The greater noctule bat belongs to the suborder ''Microchiroptera'' and uses echolocation. Echolocation is a perceptual system where echoes are produced by emitting ultrasonic sounds. Echolocation allows bats to compare the outgoing pulse with returning echoes which produces detailed images of the bat's surroundings. With echolocation, bats are able to detect, localize and classify their prey in complete darkness.〔 The greater noctule bat has been observed as only emerging from its roosts after dusk when it is completely dark.〔 The greater noctule bat has a high quality of hearing and smell however its eyes are poorly developed.
The wings of the greater noctule bat are thinner than those of birds which allow it to maneuver quickly and accurately. While its wing is delicate and rips easily, it is able to regrow. The Greater Noctule is one of the largest bats with a wingspan of . Its head-and-body length is from , its tail is from and its forearm ranges from .〔 The body mass of adults ranges from . The Greater Noctule Bat has been observed as a high altitude flier and a low altitude forager.〔 The dorsal fur of the Greater Noctule bat is uniformly reddish-brown to dark brown. Its muzzle is broad with enlarged short ears and its tragus is broad, short, and mushroom-shaped. Calcar, also known as calcaneum, is present and it reaches close to midway to the tail membrane.
The greater noctule bat has a robust skull and its rostrum is square with an ordinary nasal slit. The zygomatic arches are very slender and the braincase is smooth, turned upwards. The sagittal crest is not present, while the lambdoid crest is well developed. Most of the projecting point of the skull is made up of exoccipital condyles. The basisphenoid is wide and deep and the tympanic bullae are relatively small.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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